cadmast



(No Model.) 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

- I. P. GADMAN.

WIND WHEEL.

' No. 328,836. Pafp nteg 0013.20, 1885.

Wiihe ases N. FETERS, Phola-who m her. Wnshmglcm D. C,

{No Model.) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 3. I. P. GADMAN.

WIND'WHEEL. No. 328,836. Patented Oct. 20, 188.5.

Warren Smarts arena tries.

ISAAC P. GADMAN, OFBELOIT, WISCONSIN, ASSIGNOR OF ONE-HALF TO GEORGE L.OADMAN, OF SAME PLACE.

WlND W-HEEL.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent'No. 328,836, dated October20, 1385. Application filed September 8, 1884. Serial No. 142,501. (Nomodel.)

To aZZ whom it may concern.-

Be it known that I, ISAAC P. CADMAN, of Beloit, in the county of Rockand State of "Wisconsin, have invented certain new and use fulImprovements in Vindmills, of which the following is a specification.

My invention relates to geared windmills, and particularly to theconstruction of the wheel proper, to automatic governing meehanismtherefor, and to a device for overcoming side draft. n

Figure l is a side elevation of the windmill with the cap or dome insection and a portion of the wheel broken away to show the constructionmore clearly; Fig. 2, a vertical section. through the dome on the linea" 06 of Fig. 1; Fig. 3, a horizontal section on the line 3/ y of Fig.1; Fig. 4, a horizontal section on the line z z of Fig. 1; Fig. 5, aface view of the wheel; Figs. 6 and 7, views illustrating modificationsof the equalizer for overcomingthe side draft.

The objects which I seek to attain by my invention are to prevent sidedraft, ortheswinging of the wheel out of the wind, to perfectly regulatethe mill, and to simplify and strengthen the construction of wheelshaving pivoted blades, through the adjustment of which the speed of thewheel is regulated and controlled.

In all geared windmills there is a constant tendency of the wheel toworkitself out of the wind. This I obviate by an arrangement of partsillustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 4, in which A indicates a frame or towerprovided at its upper end with a circular cap, B, having a verticalface, a, and O the rotary head or shell of the mill, containing thegearing and the governing devices, provided with front and rear arms, Dand E, the former to support the wheel-shaft F and the latter for theattachment of the ruddenvane G. The shell will be furnished with a dooror opening to give access to the interior. a

H indicates the wind-wheel, secured upon the front end of shaft F, whichshaft is made of tubular form to permit the passage through it of agoverning-rod, hereinafter referred to.

I indicates the vertical or driven shaft of the mill, provided with abevel gear, J, which meshes with and receives motion from a like gear,K, on the inner end of the wheel-shaft F.

The wheel is of course free to swing with shell or head G, which restsupon the stationary cap B, as usual, and is carried and held to the windby the rudder or tail vane G. Whenever the wind is light, or theresistance offered by the driven machinery is considerable, there is astrong tendency of the wheel to work itself out of the wind, pinion orgear K of the wheel-shaft traveling around the axis of gear or pinion J,which wheel becomes stationary, or practically so, whenever theresistance offered by the driven machinery equals or exceeds the powerof the wind acting upon the rudder-vane, and thus balances or overcomesthe action of said vane. To prevent this action the rotary head 0 of themill is provided with a lever, b, which passes from the center of theshell outward to a point slightly beyond its exterior wall, the leverbeing pivoted at apoint, 0, in the shell, as shown in Fig. 3.

To the outer end of the lever is pivoted a curved bar, (1, near one endof the1atter,which bar is furnished at its ends with rollers e, to bearagainst and travel upon the upright face a of the fixed cap B, so thatthe bar shall be kept in a given position relatively to the face of saidcap, yet move freely about the same as the head or turn-table O rotates.

The inner end of lever b carries or is fashioned into a bearing, f, forthe upper end of the shaft, which is the only bearing provided for saidend of the shaft.

As the gear-wheel K and wheel H rotate always in one and the samedirection, said gear, acting upon gear J, tends constantly to crowd thelatter away before the advance of that side of the gear K meshing withit, being the lower side, as shown in the drawings. Thus, assuming thatthe wheel H and gears J K rotate in the direction indicated in Fig. 8,the gear J will be constantly crowded in the direction indicated by thedouble arrow in said figure.

The pivotal connection of the lever b and bar 0 forms an abutment forthe lever, and just in proportion to the force of the lateral pressureupon the vertical shaft, and upon the end of lever b,said force will befelt at its fulcrum c, or the point where the lever is pivoted to therotary head or turn-table C, but in an opposite direction to the forceexerted by the shaft through gear K. As the shaft F and lever Z; areboth fulcrumed in the turn-table O,and the forces are exerted at thosepoints in opposite directions, the effect will be to create an opposingforce at the fulcrum of the lever b,which will neutralize the action ofthe forces exerted at thebearing of the shaft F. In this way the sidedraft is completely neutralized and overcome.

It is not essential that the equalizer be constructed and applied inthe'precise form illustrated in Figs. 1, 2, and 4; but the sameprinciple may be embodied in various equivalent forms, two of which areillustrated in Figs. 6 and 7.

In Fig. 6 the lever 12 has its outer end connected with a brace-link, 2,which is formed with a collar to encircle the wind-wheel shaft and toabut against the rear face of the hub of said wheel. In this case thewind-pressure against the face of the wheel is made the rebuttingpressure against the side action of the vertical shaft, which throws thecombined pressures uponthe pivot c. As the power of the wind-wheel isonly a percentage of the pressure of the wind on the face of the wheel,5

the force exerted against the collar of the brace-link at the hub of thewind-wheel will always be greater than that exerted on the shaft orinner end of equalizer at f.

Fig. 7 shows the same device insubstantially the same form, butemploying a lateral or side vane, A, attached to the outer arm of thelever 12, the wind-pressure acting against this vane acting as therebutting force against the pressure of the gears. This causes the sidepressure upon the turntable or rotary head at c to be opposed to theside pressure upon the turn-table at the inner end of the wheel-shaft,thereby effecting a balance or equalization of forces and entirelyovercoming the side draft.

It will be observed that the same principle is involved in each of thethree forms illus trated, the only difference between them being thatlever b is differently sustained or rebutted in each, but in all thelever is and must receive its support from some part independent of ornot rigidly attached to the turntable or revolving head.

As shown in Figs. 6 and 7, a stop, (4, limits the movement of theequalizer in one direction, while a spring, a, (shown in Fig. 7 holdsthe equalizer normally against the stop.

Referring now to Figs. 1 and 2, the construction of the wheel properwill be ex plained.

L indicates a skeleton hub or boss, which may be conveniently cast inone piece, and

rendered malleable or not, as deemed advis-' able, and M indicates oneof a series of cylindrical radial metal spokes, each preferably formedof iron tubing, screwed into the hub or boss and held bya set-screw, p,against displacement, as indicated. The hub or boss is secured upon atubular shaft, F, at some distance from the end thereof, and the spokesM are braced and stayed by rods N, extending from a point near the outerend of each spoke to a small hub or head, 0, fixed at the front end ofthe shaft, the rods being formed with eyes to encircle the spokes,uponwhich they are fixed by set-screws q, while their forward ends arepassed through the hub or head 0 and secured by nuts, as shown.

The blades are formed with eyes to encircle the spokes, the eyes beingset to one side of the middle of the blades to cause the wind to actupon them and hold them normally at a given angle to the face of thewheel, and set out from the face of the blades to cause the blades toswing naturally back of the spokes. The blades are thus eccentricallyhung each way-that is to say, they are behind the spokes, and theirmiddle lines are one .side of the spokes. By this construction threeadvantages are securedthe blades govern or adjust themselves morereadily and perfectly, greater safety in a gale is insured, and they areq uicker in regaining action after being suddenly lagged by overwork.

Q indicates a rod or pitman extending centrally through the tubularshaft F, and carrying at its forward end a piston or slide, 1, fittingfreely within the shaft, extending outward from the forward end thereof,and furnished at its front end with a rosette or circular head, asshown. From this head rods R extend to the blades P, one to each, withwhich they are connected at one side of the spoke at the narrower sideof the wheel, each rod being formed with an eye to encircle a stud orpin, 8, secured in the inner end of the blade. Under this arrangement amovement of the rod or piston in or out will cause the blade to beturned more or less flatly to the wind, a considerable outward movementof the rod causing the blade to be turned with its edge to the wind,soas to do away with the effect of the wind thereon, or nearly so. Thepiston r is loose upon the rod Q, being held between a shoulder, t, andnut a, the latter secured or formed upon the vertical shaft I,

the yoke being of such width-that its two arms cannot both be in contactwith the hub at the same time. The yoke is moved laterally to cause oneor the other arm of the yoke to bear against the hub or boss T,according to the speed of the wheel and the consequent action of aball-governor carried by the upper end of the shaft I, the rod Q beingof course moved in or out as the yoke is in contact with and acted uponby one or the other side of the hub T.

To thus control and move the yoke, I pro vide a sliding block or frame,V, carrying two rollers, 12, which bear, respectively, upon the outerfaces of the two arms of the yoke S, so that as the slide is moved inone direction one arm is pressed by one roll 22 into connection with thehub or boss T, and when the slide is moved in the opposite direction theother arm is similarly pressed into contact with the hub or boss by theother roller.

The yoke stands normally in such position that neither arm touches thehub or boss T, and consequently the blades of the wheels stand in theirnormal working position; but when the wheel exceedsa given speed theballs of the governor rising elevate the collar w, and with it one armof an elbow'lever WV, which is pivoted in a bracket, X, encircling theshaft, and connected with the block or slide V by bolts extendingthrough slots in one of said parts, so that the block or slide may movefreely in a horizontal direction, but not vertically.

The block or slide V is in turn supported at one end by a bracket, Y,projecting inward from the shell 0, the two parts being connected by abolt passing through. a slot in one of said parts to permit the freesliding motion of the block or slide, and at the other end by a flexibleor elastic shouldered rod, Z, the end of which enters a hole or socketin the inner side of the block. This latter support or its equivalentasuspension rod-permits a slight motion ofthe block in all directions,but serves to retain it normally in such position that neither of itsrollers shall press the yoke against the hub or boss T of shaft I.

WVhen the wheel is at rest, the governor-balls drop down, forcing theyoke into contact with hub T at that side, which will cause an inwardmovement of the yoke or rod, and which will bring the blades to theirmost effective working position, so that the wheel will soon act withits full power up to the limit beyond which it is deemed unwise to runit. As the wheel approaches such speed, and the shaft I rotates withproportionate rapidity, the balls of the governor rise and through theintermediate mechanism move the slide or frame V to its normal position,so that the yoke S is held out of contact with hub T, in which positionit remains until the balls of the governor again fall, or until raised,through an increase of the speed of the wheel, they move the slide in adirection to force the yoke into contact with that side of I the hub orboss T necessary to move the rod Q outward and turn the blades edgewiseto the wind.

The head of the governor U is carried by a lever, from which a rod, y,extends down through the frame to permit the blades to be set orcontrolled manually when desired.

The precise manner of mounting or supporting block or frame V is' notimportant, but, like other details, may be varied as desired.

It is not essential, though preferred, that the bar or shoe (1 beprovided with rollers.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is 1. In combinationwith a geared windmill, an equalizing device consisting of a lever, b,pivoted to the rotary shell or turn-table of the mill and provided atits inner end with a bearing for the vertical shaft of the mill, and abar or shoe pivoted to the outer end of said lever, and arranged,substantially as shown and described, to press against the fixed cap orhead of the tower or support.

2. In combination with cap B, rotary head or shell 0, provided with vaneG and wheel H, vertical shaft I, connected by gearing with thewind-shaft of wheel H, and lever 12, pivoted to the head 0, and providedat its inner end with a bearing for the shaft I. and at the outer endwith bar or shoe d, having rollers e, to press against the cap 13,substantially as shown and described.

3. In combination with a wind-wheel having pivoted blades, governingmechanism consisting of a governor carried by the driven shaft, a rodprovided with a yoke straddling a hub or boss on the driven shaft, andwith a head connected by rods with the pivoted blades, and a slideconnected with the goveruor and arranged to press against the yoke,substantially as shown and described, whereby one or the other arm ofthe yoke is pressed against the hub or boss whenever the speed of thewheel rises or falls above or below a predetermined point, therebycausing the yoke and its rod to be moved in or out and to turn theblades to take more or less wind, as required.

4. In combination with a wind-wheel having pivoted blades, a governorreceiving motion from the wind-wheel, a shaft driven by said wheel andprovided with a hub or boss, a movable head connected with the pivotedblades, a yoke connected with said movable head and extending onopposite sides of the hub or boss of the driven shaft, and mechanism,substantially as described and shown, connected with and actuated by thegovernor, for throwing the yoke into contact with one or the other sideof the hub or boss, according to the rate of speed of the wheel.

5. The combination, substantially as herein described and shown, ofwheel H, having pivoted blades P and tubular shaft F, rod Q, providedwith head 1', and yoke S, rods R, connecting the blades with head i",shaft I, pro-. vided with hub or boss T, and connected by gearing'J Kwith shaft F, governor U, and slide V, connected with and adapted to bemoved by the governor, said parts being constructed and arrangedsubstantially as shown and described.

6. In combination with a wind-wheel hav* IIO ing pivoted'blades, a shaftdriven by said b, pivoted to the rotaryhead or turn-table of the mill,and provided at its inner end with a box or bearing for the verticalshaft of the mill, and having its outer end abutted against apart of themill independent of the turn- I5 table, substantially as shown.

ISAAC P. CADMAN.

Witnesses:

EZRA GOODRIOH, S. G. VAN GOLDER.

